e-Learning Principles

Richard E. Mayer is an American educational psychologist best known for his contribution to the field of educational psychology and multimedia learning theory. His research is at the heart of cognition, instruction, and technology, with a focus on how to help people learn in ways so they can transfer what they have learned to new situations.

Memory retention improves when we use concise narration and graphics. It also suffers when we include irrelevant stories, details, graphics and sounds. As a learner, you brain tries to make sense of what we see on the screen.

Wisc-Online. The Coherence Principle. YouTube, 30 Oct. 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTyr9P15JhI.
 

Developing eLearning can be just as tricky as looking at a map of a town you don’t know. It can be overwhelming if you don’t tell learners where to look and miss the important details. This signaling principle advocates the use of voice and visual images to help the learner focus, organize, and process content.

Wisc-Online. (2017, October 23). The Signaling Principle. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENGjwO-kKpc
 

This principle states that people learn better from graphics and narration than from Graphics Narration and ONSCREEN text. By adding graphics and narration, you are repeating the message but in different format.

Visual-e-Learning. (2016, July 20). The Redundancy Principle. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QPxxdqx87o

Learners will skip something that is too hard to understand. This principle reminds us how important is to make sure that on screen text and narration align with the graphics.

Wisc-Online. (2018, October 30). The Contiguity Principle. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Di3rw-t0BI
 

Long term knowledge retention can be improved by breaking content into bite sized segments. Good eLearning gives the learners breaks.

Wisc-Online. (2021, April 21). The Segmenting Principle. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DyH3FIBTdYg
 

If you know that the concept you will be teaching is complex, give your learners an introduction of key components, key terms and underlying ideas in advance.

Marino, M. (2021, February 9). Mayer’s Pre-Training Principle. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpyTFEfyAN8

This principle states: use graphics and narration instead of graphics and printed text.

Tyler, M. (2020, April 14). Modality Principle | The 12 Multimedia Instructional Principles. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mo6PdP0emQs

Use a conversational rather than a formal style. When learners feel that you are talking to them they are more likely to try to make sense of what you are saying.

Marino, M. (2021a, February 9). Mayer’s Personalization Principle. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vsJvtTCVT80

This principle states: speak in a friendly human voice rather than a machine. This principle increases the learner’s motivation and commitment to learn.

Marino, M. (2020, May 1). The Voice Principle. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmrejRnex8E

People learn more deeply when onscreen agents display human-loke gesturing, movement, eye contact, and facial expressions.

Marino, M. (2021a, February 9). Mayer’s Embodiment Principle. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epb6PpJ8HZw